Marina Zucker Marques
@marinazucker.bsky.social
Economist • Sr. Researcher at @GDP_Center • Former @UNCTAD, @SOAS • PhD @FU_Berlin • sovereign debt, China, international monetary system. Views are my own.
https://www.marinazuckermarques.com
https://www.marinazuckermarques.com
Check our chart of the week! shorturl.at/l7xhx
COP’s key discussion: achieving the $1.3T climate finance goal.
For that, MDBs must play a bold role. Tripling MDB lending by 2030, per G20 Independent Expert Group, would put MDBs in the path to cover one-quarter of 1.3 T target by 2035.
COP’s key discussion: achieving the $1.3T climate finance goal.
For that, MDBs must play a bold role. Tripling MDB lending by 2030, per G20 Independent Expert Group, would put MDBs in the path to cover one-quarter of 1.3 T target by 2035.
November 13, 2025 at 6:40 PM
Check our chart of the week! shorturl.at/l7xhx
COP’s key discussion: achieving the $1.3T climate finance goal.
For that, MDBs must play a bold role. Tripling MDB lending by 2030, per G20 Independent Expert Group, would put MDBs in the path to cover one-quarter of 1.3 T target by 2035.
COP’s key discussion: achieving the $1.3T climate finance goal.
For that, MDBs must play a bold role. Tripling MDB lending by 2030, per G20 Independent Expert Group, would put MDBs in the path to cover one-quarter of 1.3 T target by 2035.
It’s that time of year!
If you’re in DC for the WB/IMF Spring Meetings, don’t miss this event TOMORROW apr. 21st 3PM
W/ fresh papers that address the impact of debt on development prospects in Africa + more
Not in DC? Join us online! t.co/mLoTlbc68i
@gdp-center.bsky.social
If you’re in DC for the WB/IMF Spring Meetings, don’t miss this event TOMORROW apr. 21st 3PM
W/ fresh papers that address the impact of debt on development prospects in Africa + more
Not in DC? Join us online! t.co/mLoTlbc68i
@gdp-center.bsky.social
April 21, 2025 at 12:51 AM
It’s that time of year!
If you’re in DC for the WB/IMF Spring Meetings, don’t miss this event TOMORROW apr. 21st 3PM
W/ fresh papers that address the impact of debt on development prospects in Africa + more
Not in DC? Join us online! t.co/mLoTlbc68i
@gdp-center.bsky.social
If you’re in DC for the WB/IMF Spring Meetings, don’t miss this event TOMORROW apr. 21st 3PM
W/ fresh papers that address the impact of debt on development prospects in Africa + more
Not in DC? Join us online! t.co/mLoTlbc68i
@gdp-center.bsky.social
IMF financial statements here www.imf.org/en/Data/IMF-...
March 31, 2025 at 3:36 PM
IMF financial statements here www.imf.org/en/Data/IMF-...
In 2025, Myanmar will pay 130mn SDRs= $170 mn to the IMF
CCRT normal limit is 20% of quota (103 mn SDRs= $134 mn) but countries can benefit beyond this threshold in some cases www.imf.org/external/np/...
CCRT normal limit is 20% of quota (103 mn SDRs= $134 mn) but countries can benefit beyond this threshold in some cases www.imf.org/external/np/...
March 31, 2025 at 3:36 PM
In 2025, Myanmar will pay 130mn SDRs= $170 mn to the IMF
CCRT normal limit is 20% of quota (103 mn SDRs= $134 mn) but countries can benefit beyond this threshold in some cases www.imf.org/external/np/...
CCRT normal limit is 20% of quota (103 mn SDRs= $134 mn) but countries can benefit beyond this threshold in some cases www.imf.org/external/np/...
Our broken financial architecture
Myanmar’s disaster (est. cost >100% GDP) qualifies it for IMF relief via the CCRT
But CCRT funds, w/ just 81 mn SDRs aren't enough to cover the 103 mn Myanmar could request- 20% of their quotas
Meanwhile, IMF sits on $282bn in idle gold
Myanmar’s disaster (est. cost >100% GDP) qualifies it for IMF relief via the CCRT
But CCRT funds, w/ just 81 mn SDRs aren't enough to cover the 103 mn Myanmar could request- 20% of their quotas
Meanwhile, IMF sits on $282bn in idle gold
March 31, 2025 at 3:36 PM
Our broken financial architecture
Myanmar’s disaster (est. cost >100% GDP) qualifies it for IMF relief via the CCRT
But CCRT funds, w/ just 81 mn SDRs aren't enough to cover the 103 mn Myanmar could request- 20% of their quotas
Meanwhile, IMF sits on $282bn in idle gold
Myanmar’s disaster (est. cost >100% GDP) qualifies it for IMF relief via the CCRT
But CCRT funds, w/ just 81 mn SDRs aren't enough to cover the 103 mn Myanmar could request- 20% of their quotas
Meanwhile, IMF sits on $282bn in idle gold
@bancocentralbrasil.bsky.social released the 2024 BoP data
Brazil recorded a $16.7 BILLION outflow via crypto purchases, or 17% of the capital and financial account and 0.76% of GDP. Those concerned with forex stability & BoP vulnerabilities must pay attention to this new channel for outflows
Brazil recorded a $16.7 BILLION outflow via crypto purchases, or 17% of the capital and financial account and 0.76% of GDP. Those concerned with forex stability & BoP vulnerabilities must pay attention to this new channel for outflows
January 24, 2025 at 9:15 PM
@bancocentralbrasil.bsky.social released the 2024 BoP data
Brazil recorded a $16.7 BILLION outflow via crypto purchases, or 17% of the capital and financial account and 0.76% of GDP. Those concerned with forex stability & BoP vulnerabilities must pay attention to this new channel for outflows
Brazil recorded a $16.7 BILLION outflow via crypto purchases, or 17% of the capital and financial account and 0.76% of GDP. Those concerned with forex stability & BoP vulnerabilities must pay attention to this new channel for outflows
The study shows how Chinese policies have evolved and was focused on gradual expansion in terms of geographic reach and operational scope, leading to an increasingly complex, layered, and extensive RMB payment network- Including now the CIPS (Cross-Border Interbank Payment System)
November 18, 2024 at 7:58 PM
The study shows how Chinese policies have evolved and was focused on gradual expansion in terms of geographic reach and operational scope, leading to an increasingly complex, layered, and extensive RMB payment network- Including now the CIPS (Cross-Border Interbank Payment System)
📢Glad to share my article "Currency Internationalization, payment infrastructures and central banks: An institutional analysis of renminbi internationalization" is out at Research in International Business and Finance🧵
Article www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
Blog www.bu.edu/gdp/2024/11/...
Article www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
Blog www.bu.edu/gdp/2024/11/...
November 18, 2024 at 7:58 PM
📢Glad to share my article "Currency Internationalization, payment infrastructures and central banks: An institutional analysis of renminbi internationalization" is out at Research in International Business and Finance🧵
Article www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
Blog www.bu.edu/gdp/2024/11/...
Article www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
Blog www.bu.edu/gdp/2024/11/...
30 DAYS to apply to @GDP_Center Global Economic Governance Fellows Program. If you are enrolled in or graduated from a PhD program + interested in development banks, global financial stability & development, trade regimes, apply!
www.bu.edu/gdp/2023/09/...
www.bu.edu/gdp/2023/09/...
November 14, 2024 at 5:50 PM
30 DAYS to apply to @GDP_Center Global Economic Governance Fellows Program. If you are enrolled in or graduated from a PhD program + interested in development banks, global financial stability & development, trade regimes, apply!
www.bu.edu/gdp/2023/09/...
www.bu.edu/gdp/2023/09/...
This proposal would cost $0 for global tax payers
Selling go is not without hurdle (need Executive Board approval, assurances from members and parliamentary approval for some countries)
But in a world of increasing climate shocks, time to be practical and think creatively
Selling go is not without hurdle (need Executive Board approval, assurances from members and parliamentary approval for some countries)
But in a world of increasing climate shocks, time to be practical and think creatively
November 13, 2024 at 6:20 PM
This proposal would cost $0 for global tax payers
Selling go is not without hurdle (need Executive Board approval, assurances from members and parliamentary approval for some countries)
But in a world of increasing climate shocks, time to be practical and think creatively
Selling go is not without hurdle (need Executive Board approval, assurances from members and parliamentary approval for some countries)
But in a world of increasing climate shocks, time to be practical and think creatively
But the IMF holds 90.5 million ounces of gold on its balance sheet.
By selling JUST 4% of its gold reserves, the IMF could profit $9.52 billion, sufficient to cover IMF debt service for 86 countries in 2025 and 2025 combined.
By selling JUST 4% of its gold reserves, the IMF could profit $9.52 billion, sufficient to cover IMF debt service for 86 countries in 2025 and 2025 combined.
November 13, 2024 at 6:20 PM
But the IMF holds 90.5 million ounces of gold on its balance sheet.
By selling JUST 4% of its gold reserves, the IMF could profit $9.52 billion, sufficient to cover IMF debt service for 86 countries in 2025 and 2025 combined.
By selling JUST 4% of its gold reserves, the IMF could profit $9.52 billion, sufficient to cover IMF debt service for 86 countries in 2025 and 2025 combined.
1. Its Eligibility criteria is too narrow
The country needs to be eligible to PRGT and per capita income bellow IDA cutoff (currently $1335)
Just 30 countries are currently eligible, leaving many climate-vulnerable countries uncovered.
The country needs to be eligible to PRGT and per capita income bellow IDA cutoff (currently $1335)
Just 30 countries are currently eligible, leaving many climate-vulnerable countries uncovered.
November 13, 2024 at 6:20 PM
1. Its Eligibility criteria is too narrow
The country needs to be eligible to PRGT and per capita income bellow IDA cutoff (currently $1335)
Just 30 countries are currently eligible, leaving many climate-vulnerable countries uncovered.
The country needs to be eligible to PRGT and per capita income bellow IDA cutoff (currently $1335)
Just 30 countries are currently eligible, leaving many climate-vulnerable countries uncovered.
In 2009/10 the IMF sold gold to finance its operations+subsidize PRGT
Gold prices are at historic highs — a good moment to sell more gold and replenish the Catastrophe Containment and Relief Trust (CCRT) 🧵
@rishirbhandary.bsky.social and I make the case here www.bu.edu/gdp/2024/11/...
Gold prices are at historic highs — a good moment to sell more gold and replenish the Catastrophe Containment and Relief Trust (CCRT) 🧵
@rishirbhandary.bsky.social and I make the case here www.bu.edu/gdp/2024/11/...
November 13, 2024 at 6:20 PM
In 2009/10 the IMF sold gold to finance its operations+subsidize PRGT
Gold prices are at historic highs — a good moment to sell more gold and replenish the Catastrophe Containment and Relief Trust (CCRT) 🧵
@rishirbhandary.bsky.social and I make the case here www.bu.edu/gdp/2024/11/...
Gold prices are at historic highs — a good moment to sell more gold and replenish the Catastrophe Containment and Relief Trust (CCRT) 🧵
@rishirbhandary.bsky.social and I make the case here www.bu.edu/gdp/2024/11/...
STARTING SOON: Juan Pablo Bohoslavsky and I will be discussing the recently published book "Feminism in Public Debt". Don't miss! Register here
bu.edu/gdp/events/?ei…
The book is OPEN access and counted with the contribution from amazing people!
bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/edcollbook-oa/
bu.edu/gdp/events/?ei…
The book is OPEN access and counted with the contribution from amazing people!
bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/edcollbook-oa/
November 7, 2024 at 2:39 PM
STARTING SOON: Juan Pablo Bohoslavsky and I will be discussing the recently published book "Feminism in Public Debt". Don't miss! Register here
bu.edu/gdp/events/?ei…
The book is OPEN access and counted with the contribution from amazing people!
bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/edcollbook-oa/
bu.edu/gdp/events/?ei…
The book is OPEN access and counted with the contribution from amazing people!
bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/edcollbook-oa/
It is that time of the year! This week I am in DC following the WB/IMB annual meetings
October 22, 2024 at 9:29 PM
It is that time of the year! This week I am in DC following the WB/IMB annual meetings
Thrilled to share some professional news!
After a year with SOAS University of London, I've now officially joined Boston University Global Development Policy Center as a Senior Academic Researcher at the Global Economic Governance Center, and team lead for financial stability!
After a year with SOAS University of London, I've now officially joined Boston University Global Development Policy Center as a Senior Academic Researcher at the Global Economic Governance Center, and team lead for financial stability!
March 5, 2024 at 7:42 PM
Thrilled to share some professional news!
After a year with SOAS University of London, I've now officially joined Boston University Global Development Policy Center as a Senior Academic Researcher at the Global Economic Governance Center, and team lead for financial stability!
After a year with SOAS University of London, I've now officially joined Boston University Global Development Policy Center as a Senior Academic Researcher at the Global Economic Governance Center, and team lead for financial stability!
Malawi is locked in crisis!
Because most of its debt is owed to MDBs, Malawi's current debt restructuring is limited to 1/3 of its external PPG debt stock
As other 26 countries, Malawi debt negotiation must include ALL creditors
See my last blog👇
drgr.org/news/locked-...
Because most of its debt is owed to MDBs, Malawi's current debt restructuring is limited to 1/3 of its external PPG debt stock
As other 26 countries, Malawi debt negotiation must include ALL creditors
See my last blog👇
drgr.org/news/locked-...
December 7, 2023 at 10:11 AM
Malawi is locked in crisis!
Because most of its debt is owed to MDBs, Malawi's current debt restructuring is limited to 1/3 of its external PPG debt stock
As other 26 countries, Malawi debt negotiation must include ALL creditors
See my last blog👇
drgr.org/news/locked-...
Because most of its debt is owed to MDBs, Malawi's current debt restructuring is limited to 1/3 of its external PPG debt stock
As other 26 countries, Malawi debt negotiation must include ALL creditors
See my last blog👇
drgr.org/news/locked-...
Excited to share our new paper @Global_Policy!
Just in time for #COP28 , we introduce a hybrid capital model that could boost MDBs' lending by $1.6 - $1.9 trillion by 2030 +supply the international reserve system with a new safe and liquid asset
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10....
Just in time for #COP28 , we introduce a hybrid capital model that could boost MDBs' lending by $1.6 - $1.9 trillion by 2030 +supply the international reserve system with a new safe and liquid asset
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10....
December 5, 2023 at 4:59 PM
Excited to share our new paper @Global_Policy!
Just in time for #COP28 , we introduce a hybrid capital model that could boost MDBs' lending by $1.6 - $1.9 trillion by 2030 +supply the international reserve system with a new safe and liquid asset
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10....
Just in time for #COP28 , we introduce a hybrid capital model that could boost MDBs' lending by $1.6 - $1.9 trillion by 2030 +supply the international reserve system with a new safe and liquid asset
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10....
In both cases, bondholders charged for “ex ante” default, but did not assume “ex post” losses
Not only high interest rates are becoming unjustified, but if countries are repaying their debts under any circumstance, haircuts MUST be higher
Not only high interest rates are becoming unjustified, but if countries are repaying their debts under any circumstance, haircuts MUST be higher
November 17, 2023 at 3:21 PM
In both cases, bondholders charged for “ex ante” default, but did not assume “ex post” losses
Not only high interest rates are becoming unjustified, but if countries are repaying their debts under any circumstance, haircuts MUST be higher
Not only high interest rates are becoming unjustified, but if countries are repaying their debts under any circumstance, haircuts MUST be higher
Based on Zambia & Suriname's recent negotiations w/ bondholders, my blog discusses critical flaws in international financial architecture
What are the main problems? Which changes are needed? Some key lessons
Find out more here
drgr.org/news/winner-...
What are the main problems? Which changes are needed? Some key lessons
Find out more here
drgr.org/news/winner-...
November 17, 2023 at 3:20 PM
Based on Zambia & Suriname's recent negotiations w/ bondholders, my blog discusses critical flaws in international financial architecture
What are the main problems? Which changes are needed? Some key lessons
Find out more here
drgr.org/news/winner-...
What are the main problems? Which changes are needed? Some key lessons
Find out more here
drgr.org/news/winner-...
At the recent IMF/World Bank #AnnualMeetings, the issue of multilateral development banks (MDBs) participation in debt relief negotiations went unaddressed My new blog demystifies how MDBs can safely + effectively participate in debt relief
drgr.org/news/debunki...
🧵
drgr.org/news/debunki...
🧵
October 25, 2023 at 2:52 PM
At the recent IMF/World Bank #AnnualMeetings, the issue of multilateral development banks (MDBs) participation in debt relief negotiations went unaddressed My new blog demystifies how MDBs can safely + effectively participate in debt relief
drgr.org/news/debunki...
🧵
drgr.org/news/debunki...
🧵
If you want to stay in the loop on key debt-related discussions during the IMF/WB annual meetings, be sure to check out DRGR's latest blog post.
by Sarah Ribbert and Arabella Wintermayr
drgr.org/news/the-202...
by Sarah Ribbert and Arabella Wintermayr
drgr.org/news/the-202...
October 24, 2023 at 10:11 AM
If you want to stay in the loop on key debt-related discussions during the IMF/WB annual meetings, be sure to check out DRGR's latest blog post.
by Sarah Ribbert and Arabella Wintermayr
drgr.org/news/the-202...
by Sarah Ribbert and Arabella Wintermayr
drgr.org/news/the-202...