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Finally, we examined the effect of single interneuron optical stimulation on SCEs and cell assemblies. This showed that activation of single interneurons favours both SCEs and the reinstatement of endogenous cell assemblies.

We then interrogated a rate-based network model with hippocampal-like connectivity motifs. We found that cell assemblies and dense but unspecific connectivity between interneurons are necessary ingredients to explain the effects of interneuron stimulation

Activating a single interneuron, surprisingly, triggered mostly excitatory responses in pyramidal cells. It mostly triggered inhibition in inhibitory neurons, suggesting disinhibitory effects at play

To probe causality, we combined imaging and holographic stimulation of single interneurons with optogenetics

Interneuron formed a strong network with high functional connectivity. And association of pyramidal cells with interneurons positively correlated with pyramidal cell-pyramidal cell correlations as well synchronous network bursts (SCEs).

In the present study, we first imaged CA1 interneurons and pyramidal cell ensembles in mice running spontaneously on a treadmill.