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10/10

Here is the preprint version of the study report with citation:

Gregory Kestin*, Kelly Miller*, Anna Klales et al. AI Tutoring Outperforms Active Learning, 14 May 2024, PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square:
AI Tutoring Outperforms Active Learning
Advances in generative artificial intelligence (GAI) show great potential for improving education. Yet little is known about how this new technology should be used and how effective it can be. Here we...
www.researchsquare.com
December 19, 2024 at 8:41 AM
9/10
Inspired by these results, the Derek Bok Center for Teaching and Learning is collaborating with Harvard University Information Technology to pilot similar AI chatbots in other courses. They are also developing resources to enable any instructor to integrate tutor bots into their programmes.
December 19, 2024 at 8:41 AM
8/10

3. Greater Efficiency: AI sessions were shorter (median 49 minutes vs. 60 minutes) while achieving better outcomes, with 70% finishing within 60 minutes.
December 19, 2024 at 8:41 AM
7/10

2. Higher Engagement and Motivation: AI users reported greater engagement (4.1/5 vs. 3.6/5) and motivation (3.4/5 vs. 3.1/5).
December 19, 2024 at 8:41 AM
6/10

Key study findings include:

1. Enhanced Learning Gains:
Students using the AI tutor achieved more than double the learning gains of the classroom group, with highly significant statistical results (z = -5.6, p < 10⁻⁸).
December 19, 2024 at 8:41 AM
5/10
Controls aimed to ensure fairness, including matched demographics, unbiased test designs, and separate instructors.

Dr Philippa Hardman has completed this detailed review of the study exploring the study's methodology, for those seeking independent insights.
AI Tutors Double Rates of Learning in Less Learning Time
Inside Harvard's new groundbreaking study
drphilippahardman.substack.com
December 19, 2024 at 8:41 AM
4/10
The AI group used “PS2 Pal,” powered by GPT-4, which provided structured, self-paced guidance with pre-recorded videos and interactive support.

The classroom group attended 75-minute in-person sessions with peer discussions and instructor guidance.
December 19, 2024 at 8:41 AM
3/10
The study trailed in the Harvard Gazette in September compared AI tutoring to active classroom learning using a crossover design. Students studied two topics, surface tension and fluid flow, in both settings.
December 19, 2024 at 8:41 AM
2/10
The study was led by lecturer Gregory Kestin and senior lecturer Kelly Miller who analysed the learning outcomes of 194 students enrolled in autumn 2023 in Kestin’s Physical Sciences 2 course, which is physics for life sciences majors.

This Forbes article explains the circumstances.
Students Learned Twice As Much With AI Tutor Than Typical Lectures
Harvard University researchers found AI tutored students learned more in less time but stress that AI tutors are a resource, not a replacement for teachers.
www.forbes.com
December 19, 2024 at 8:41 AM
10/10
Follow the link to the full research report: “Associations of accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior and physical activity with sleep in older adults" below.
Associations of accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior and physical activity with sleep in older adults
Few studies have examined the non-linear relationships of objectively-measured sedentary behavior and physical activity with insomnia symptoms in olde…
www.sciencedirect.com
December 12, 2024 at 7:44 AM
9/10
Getting more sleep, particularly deep sleep, seems to add to this memory improvement.

"Moderate or vigorous activity means anything that gets your heart rate up -- this could be brisk walking, dancing or walking up a few flights of stairs. It doesn't have to be structured exercise”
December 12, 2024 at 7:44 AM
8/10
Lead author Dr Mikaela Bloomberg (said: "Our findings suggest that the short-term memory benefits of physical activity may last longer than previously thought, possibly to the next day instead of just the few hours after exercise.”
December 12, 2024 at 7:44 AM
7/10
They also accounted for participants' average levels of activity and sleep quality across the eight days they were tracked, as participants who are habitually more active and typically have higher-quality sleep perform better in cognitive tests.
December 12, 2024 at 7:44 AM
6/10
They also quantified sleep duration and time spent in lighter (rapid eye movement, or REM) sleep and deeper, slow-wave sleep. The team adjusted for a wide variety of factors that might have distorted the results.
December 12, 2024 at 7:44 AM
5/10
The research team looked at data from 76 men and women who wore activity trackers for eight days and took cognitive tests each day.The data was used to determine how much time participants spent being sedentary, doing light physical activity, and doing moderate or vigorous physical activity.
December 12, 2024 at 7:44 AM
4/10
Less time spent sitting and six hours or more of sleep were also linked to better scores in memory tests the next day.
More deep (slow-wave*) sleep also contributed to memory function. This accounted for a small portion of the link between exercise and better next-day memory.
December 12, 2024 at 7:44 AM
3/10
A new study, just published in the International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, found that, on average, people aged 50 to 83 who did more moderate to vigorous physical activity than usual on a given day did better in memory tests the day after.
December 12, 2024 at 7:44 AM
2/10
Previous research in a laboratory setting has shown that people's cognitive performance improves in the hours after exercise, but how long this benefit lasts was unknown.
December 12, 2024 at 7:44 AM
10/10
Karre Sai Anirudh , Reddy Y. Raghu, Model-based approach for specifying requirements of virtual reality software products.
Frontiers in Virtual Reality 5, 2024
Frontiers | Model-based approach for specifying requirements of virtual reality software products
IntroductionGathering requirements for developing virtual reality (VR) software products is a labor-intensive process. It requires detailed elicitation of sc...
www.frontiersin.org
December 10, 2024 at 11:31 PM
9/10
There is a lot more interesting detail in the full research paper by Dr. Sai Anirudh Karre, PhD and Y. Raghu Reddy, below - freshly published in the journal 'Frontiers in VR'.
December 10, 2024 at 11:29 PM
8/10
VR authoring tools focus on clarity and conciseness, whilst requirement specification tools are designed to provide a more comprehensive approach to the management of requirements.
December 10, 2024 at 11:29 PM
7/10
Whilst VR authoring tools are designed for developing and organising content based on requirements, requirement specification tools are an evolving class of products for managing and tracking requirements throughout development.
December 10, 2024 at 11:29 PM
6/10
This uses a model-based approach to the specification of virtual reality software products which allows analysts to specify requirements for both simple and complex multi-scene VR software products and virtual environments (VEs).
December 10, 2024 at 11:28 PM