Finally, a new species, C. pinocchio, with relatively smooth-edged elongated rostral appendages is described.
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The authors define Calumma gallus as a species with distinctly elongated and serrated rostral appendages.
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While similar mechanistically, ballistic tongues of chameleons & salamanders were each assembled via a different sequence of innovations, highlighting how biomechanical modularity, rather than exceptional materials, underlies this vertebrate ballistic innovation.

Half of respondents reported seeing flashlights shining at night & some reported trespassing & confrontational interactions with individuals repeatedly entering their yards to collect chameleons, highlighting the importance of recognizing social impacts of species introductions.