These findings reveal that, despite a differential adaptation effect, performance asymmetries are resistant to both endogenous and exogenous attention around polar angle.

(3) regardless of adaptation, both endogenous and exogenous attention enhanced and impaired performance at the attended and unattended locations, respectively, to a similar degree at both cardinal meridians.

In this study, we shoed that (1) in the non-adapted condition, the typical HVA and VMA emerged in contrast threshold; (2) the adaptation effect was stronger at the horizontal than the vertical meridian; and

In this mini-review, I listed what the caveats about those studies discussing how ipRGCs affect cognitive functions and how ipRGCs serve as image-forming functions under well-controlled condition.

People have been considered ipRGCs to be primarily in charge of non-image-forming and cognitive functions. However, an increasing body of evidence has pointed out that ipRGCs also play a role in visual processing, such as contrast, brightness and color perception.

In this paper, we revealed that the visual adaptation is not uniform across meridians. Instead, it’s stronger that the horizontal than veryidian meridian, and the stronger the adaptation effect is, the larger the corresponding V1 surface area is.

And I argue that future studies should be cautious about the experimental designs in controlling the light condition

And I argue that future studies should be cautious about the experimental designs in controlling the light condition

This is the first study revealing that a fundamental visual process can reduce this prominent polar angle asymmetry.

In this study, we showed that contrast adaptation is more pronounced at the horizontal than vertical meridians, and the overall adaptation effect is positively correlated with the V1 cortical surface area.