Thanks for referencing our work 🙏

Thank you for highlighting our study 🙏

www.nature.com/articles/s41...

10/10 Big thanks to all my co-authors, particularly Asunción Mejías (@StJude). I want to thank my mentors: Jacques Banchereau, Virginia Pascual ( @WCM), Duygu Ucar ( @thejacksonlab.bsky.social and Octavio Ramilo ( @stjuderesearch.bsky.social ) for their guidance and support.

9/10 The processed scRNA-seq dataset from our study is available in GEO: GSE206289. Fastq files are available in dbGAP: phs002655. Children/infants dataset (PMID:37776858): GSE239799. Adult dataset (PMID:33713619): GSE161918. Scripts from this study are here: github.com/dnehar/Infan...

8/10 Our results suggest that infants with severe COVID-19 exhibit significantly more robust interferon responses than adults. This implies that unlike adults with severe COVID-19, defective IFN responses do not seem to be a common feature in infants.

7/10 In a combined analysis of infants and previously sequenced adults (generated by @tsanglab.bsky.social lab; PMID:33713619), infants display a similar ISG signature in monocytes but a markedly enhanced ISG signature in T and B cells, which is consistent with infant specific immune features.

6/10 In collaboration with Adolfo García-Sastre and Teresa Aydillo @mountSinai, we showed that of 13 convalescent serum available following acute COVID infection 12 demonstrated IgG directed at SARS-CoV-2 antigens. We were not able to detect anti-IFN autoantibodies in this group of patients.

5/10 We observed higher % of ISGhi CD4+, CD8+, and NK T cells in the acutely infected patients than in controls, and it appeared that higher number of infants in this hospitalized cohort demonstrated ISGhi clusters compared to infants with mild disease described in a prior cohort (PMID:37776858).

4/10 We described increased % of ISGhi CD16+ monocytes in infected infants, which differs from finding in adults, where CD16+ monocytes were contracted (PMID: 32810438). Also, infants with COVID-19 exhibited contraction of several DC subsets.

3/10 We observed higher % of interferon-stimulated genes (ISG)hi CD14+ monocytes in infected infants than controls. Notably, ISGhi IL1B+ CD14+ mo were increased in infected infants, which is consistent with our previous observations in children with lupus (PMID:32747814 and PMID: 39378884).

2/10 Conducting research of this kind in 2m-old infants is challenging, particularly due to the limited blood volume available (< 2 ml). While the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in both adults and children is well characterized, cases of hospitalized infants with severe disease remain rare.

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