And nobody has given a single **** ever since.

3️⃣ These views also matter for law-abiding behavior in other domains: Those who consider the electoral process fraudulent and election-related non-compliance justifiable adhere less often to governmental regulations pertaining to the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.

2️⃣ Those who themselves perceive the integrity of the electoral process and postal voting compromised are more likely to view election-related non-compliance justified.

Main findings:

1️⃣ About 20% of citizens in Germany consider it generally justified to disobey the laws and regulations of a newly elected government if one feels that the integrity of the preceding election has been compromised.

(5) there is a remarkable difference in the probability to vote between citizens with positive and negative perceptions of electoral integrity, but this difference is only observable in high-integrity contexts. 🌐

(4) there is a micro-macro conditionality in the relationship between citizens’ integrity perceptions and voting: Voting is more strongly related to perceptions of electoral integrity in contexts with high election quality. 🌐

(3) at the individual level, more positive perceptions of electoral integrity among citizens go hand in hand with a higher propensity to vote, while at the same there is no relationship between contextual-level integrity and voting. 🌐

(2) average voter turnout is highest in contexts in which both expert ratings and citizen perceptions of electoral integrity are high, whereas it is lowest in contexts in which expert rating are high but citizen perceptions low. 🌐

(1) at the macro level, there is a positive relationship between expert ratings of countries’ election quality and aggregated citizen perceptions of electoral integrity. However, this positive relation only holds in contexts with high election quality. 🌐

Die Daten der f2f- und der mixed-mode Erhebungen sind in separaten Datensätzen verfügbar: