A distinct population of CD4 T cells resides in specific regions of the steady-state brain, and these T cells are programmed in the periphery by the microbiome to coordinate adaptive behaviour.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 23 May 2025; doi:10.1038/s41574-025-01136-6Hypoglycaemia exacerbates diabetic retinopathy via HIF accumulation

Recent discoveries of glymphatics and meningeal lymphatics have redefined our understanding of CNS immunosurveillance. Kim and Kipnis illustrate how the clearance of brain-derived antigens creates an “immune code” that, when presented by meningeal antigen-presenting cells, instructs T cells to safeguard neural homeostasis. They review how inflammation, aging, and neurodegeneration disrupt this finely tuned process and highlight emerging therapeutic opportunities.

Nature - Study in mice and human cadavers hints that a brain-protective gene in the chromosome becomes more active with age.

Through circuit dissection in juvenile, adolescent and adult mice, Klune, Goodpaster and colleagues reveal multiple developmental switches in mPFC–NAc and mPFC–BLA pathways that underlie developmental...

Microglia and border-associated macrophages play a role in regulating cerebral blood flow (CBF), but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show a role for microglial CD39 in the reg...

Background The choroid plexus (CP) has been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of the neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). Lupus patients demonstrate increased...

The peripheral immune system communicates with the brain through diverse anatomical routes to shape brain physiology. Here we discuss why such diversity is needed and explore how these routes are leve...

The Trump administration is still prohibiting National Institutes of Health (NIH) staff from issuing virtually all grant funding, an NIH official tells Popular Information.

Panx1 channels mediate sex-specific immune mechanisms in neuropathic pain: leptin from CD8+ T cells drives pain in females, while VEGF from microglia mediates pain in males. Panx1-targeted therapies o...