To reach the potential of feminist approaches in foreign policy debates and spaces, self-reflexivity is key. The ability and willingness to further evolve with feminist critiques - e.g. coming from a plurality of feminist civil society actors - needs to continuously accompany any feminist approach.

(3) Feminist processes need to be established from the stages of decision-making, strategy planning, policy implementation, and (re)evaluation. Particularly in state-centric contexts, the transformation of structures and processes is challenging but necessary.

(2) Feminist knowledges, expertise, and experiences need to be acknowledged. Therefore, there is a need to reimagine who is considered an expert and the understanding that expertise comes from various political, geographical, and epistemological locations.

(1) Feminist actors need to be centered. This goes beyond an approach asking for more representation of women or other underrepresented groups but needs a rethinking of who is considered a relevant actor in foreign policy.

Three dimensions are key to consider in the further development of FFP ⬇️⬇️⬇️

@leoniestamm.bsky.social and I argue that debates on the possibilities and limitations of FFP are ongoing. Hereby, feminist interventions in foreign policy need to critically investigate and aim to transform historically hierarchical, patriarchal, exclusionary, and colonial power structures.